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Anguelov, Christoslav E., Marianne A. Hilgert and Jeanne M. Hogarth.
"U.S. Consumers and Electronic Banking, 1995-2003,"
Federal Reserve Bulletin, 2004.

Azariadis, Costas, James Bullard, and Bruce Smith.
"Private and Public Circulating Liabilities,"
Journal of Economic Theory, 99(1), July 2001, pp. 59-116.

Bank for International Settlements.
"Retail Payments in Selected Countries: A Comparative Study,"
Basle: Bank for International Settlements, 1999.

Bank for International Settlements.
"Statistics on Payments Systems in the Group of Ten Countries,"
Basle: Bank for International Settlements, 1997.

Barron, John M., Michael E. Staten, and John Umbeck.
"Discounts for Cash in Retail Gasoline Marketing,"
Contemporary Policy Issues, 10(4), October 1992, pp. 89-102.

Bauer, Paul W.
"A Beginner's Guide to the U.S. Payment System,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Commentary, July 1994.

Bauer, Paul W. and Diana Hancock.
"The Efficiency of the Federal Reserve in Providing Check Processing Services,"
Journal of Banking and Finance, 17, 1993, pp. 287-311.

Carow, Kenneth A. and Michael E. Staten.
"Debit, Credit, or Cash: Survey Evidence on Gasoline Purchases,"
Journal of Economics and Business, 51(5), October 1999, pp. 409-21.

Chakravorty, Sujit.
"Why Has Stored Value Not Caught On?"
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, S&R Working Paper 00-6, 2000.

Congressional Budget Office.
"Emerging Electronic Methods for Making Retail Payments,"
CBO Study, 1996.

Daniels, Kenneth N. and Neil B. Murphy.
"The Impact of Technological Change on Household Transactions Account Balances: An Empirical Cross-Section Study,"
Journal of Financial Services Research, 8, 1994, pp. 13-9.

Dias, Clecio and Jose Bortoni.
"Credit Cards, Pre-dated Checks and Consumer Credit in Brazil-An Information Asymmetry Approach,"
University of Illinois, Ph.D., 1999.

Drehmann, Mathias, Charles Goodhart and Malte Krueger.
"The Challenges Facing Currency Usage: Will the Traditional Transactions Medium Be Able to Resist Competition from the New Technologies?,"
Economic Policy, 34, 2002, pp. 193-227.

Emmons, William R.
"Price Stability and the Efficiency of the Retail Payments System,"
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 78, October 1996, pp. 49-68.

Good, Barbara A.
"Will Electronic Money be adopted in the United States?"
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Working Paper 9822, 1998.

Good, Barbara A.
"Electronic Money,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Financial Services Working Paper 9716, 1997.

Green, Edward J.
"We need to think Straight about Electronic Payments,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 31(3), August 1999, pp. 668-70.

Hancock, Diana and David B. Humphrey
"Payment Transactions, Instruments, and Systems: A Survey,"
Journal of Banking and Finance, 21, 1998, pp. 1573-624.

Hancock, Diana, David B. Humphrey, and James A. Wilcox.
"Cost Reductions in Electronic Payments: The Roles of Consolidation, Economies of Scale, and Technical Change,"
Journal of Banking and Finance, 23, 1999, pp. 391-421.

Heng, Stefan.
"E-Payments: Modern Complement to Traditional Payment Systems,"
Economics Working Paper Archive at WUSTL, 2004.

Humphrey, David B.
"The Economics of Electronic Benefit Transfer Payments,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, 82, Spring 1996, pp. 77-94.

Humphrey, David B., Lawrence B. Pulley, and Julla M. Vesala.
"The Check's in the Mail: Why the United States Lags in the Adoption of Cost-Saving Electronic Payments,"
Journal of Financial Services Research, 17, 2000, pp. 17-39.

Humphrey, David B., Lawrence B. Pulley, and Julla M. Vesala.
"Cash Paper, and Electronic Payments: A Cross Country Analysis,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 28, 1996, pp. 914-39.

Ingo, Pippow and Schoder Detlef.
"The Demand for Stored Value Payment Instruments,"
Institute for Computer Sciences & Social Studies Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Working Paper, April 2002.

Kahn, Charles M., James J. McAndrews, and William Roberds.
"A Theory of Transactions Privacy,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Working Paper 2000-22, 2000.

Kennickell, Arthur B. and Myron L. Kwast.
"Who Uses Electronic Banking? Result from the 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances,"
Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Finance and Economics Discussion Paper Series 97-35, 1997.

Kuttner, Kenneth N. and James J. McAndrews.
"Personal On-Line Payments,"
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 7(3), December 2001, pp. 35-50.

Lee, Boon-Chye and Olyjoke Longe-Akindemowo.
"Regulatory Issues in Electronic Money: A Legal-Economics Analysis,"
Netnomics, 1(1), March 1999, pp. 53-70.

Mann, Ronald J.
"A Payments Policy for the Information Age,"
University of Michigan Law School, Working Paper 00-001, 2000.

Mantel, Brian.
"Why Do Consumers Pay Bills Electronically? An Empirical Analysis,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Economic Perspectives, 25, 2000, pp. 32-47.

Mantel, Brian.
"Why Don't Consumers Use Electronic Banking Products? Towards A Theory of Obstacles, Incentives, and Opportunities,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Emerging Payments Occasional Paper EPS-00-1, 2000.

McAndrews, James J.
"E-Money and Payment System Risk,"
Contemporary Economic Policy, 17, 1999, pp. 348-57.

McAndrews, James J.
"The Role of Direct Presentment in Non-Cash Payments,"
Federal Reserve Bank of New-York, Research Paper, 1997.

McAndrews, James J. and John Wenninger.
"Capturing the Information Content of Money: Competition and Transaction Tracking,"
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Mimeo, 1999.

McAndrews, James J. and Kenneth N. Kuttner.
"Personal Online Payments,"
Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 7(3), December 2001.

McAndrews, James J. and William Roberts.
"A General Equilibrium Analysis of Check Float,"
Journal of Financial Intermediation, 8, 1999, pp. 353-77.

Mester, Loretta J.
"The Changing Nature of the Payments System: Should New Players Mean New Rules?"
Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Business Review, March-April 2000, pp. 3-26.

Murphy, Neil B.
"Determinants of Household Check Writing: The Impacts of the Use of Electronic Banking Services and Alternative Pricing of Services,"
Financial Services Review, 1, 1994, pp. 35-44.

Osterberg, William P. and James B. Thomson.
"Network Externalities: The Catch-22 of Retail Payments Innovations,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Commentary, February 1998.

Oxley, Joanne E. and Bernard Yeung.
"E-Commerce Readiness: Institutional Environment and International Competitiveness,"
Journal of International Business Studies, 32(4), 2001, pp. 705-23.

Piffaretti, Nadia F.
"A Theoretical Approach to Electronic Money,"
Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Fribourg, Working Paper 302, February 1998.

Prescott, Edward S. and Daniel D. Tatar.
"Means of Payment, the Unbanked, and EFT '99,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, Fall 1999, pp. 49-70.

Prinz, Aloys.
"Money in the Real and the Virtual World: E-Money, C-Money and the Demand for CB-Money,"
Netnomics, 1(1), 1999, pp. 11-35.

Radecki, Lawrence J.
"Banks' Payments-Driven Revenues,"
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 5, 1999, pp. 15-34.

Roberds, William.
"The Impact of Fraud on New Methods of Retail Payment,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 1998, pp. 42-52.

Roberds, William.
"What's Really New About the New Forms of Retail Payment?"
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 82, 1997, pp. 32-45.

Roberds, William and James J. McAndrews.
"Banks, Payments, and Coordination,"
Journal of Financial Intermediation, 4, 1995, pp. 305-27.

Santomero, Anthony M. and John J. Seater.
"Alternative Monies and the Demand for Media of Exchange,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 28(4), November 1996.

Schreft, Stacey L.
"Looking Forward: The Role for Government in Regulating Electronic Cash,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 82, 4th Quarter 1997, pp. 59-84.

Shy, Oz and Juha Tarkka.
"The Market for Electronic Cash Cards,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 34, 2002, pp. 299-314.

Solomon, Elinor H.
"What Should Regulators Do About Consolidation and Electronic Money?"
Journal of Banking and Finance, 83, 1999, pp. 645-53.

Stavins, Joanna
"Checking Accounts: What Do Bank Offer and What Do Consumers Value?"
New England Economic Review, March 1999, pp. 3-14.

Stavins, Joanna.
"A Comparison of Social Costs and Benefits of Paper Check Presentment and ECP with Truncation,"
New England Economic Review, July 1997, pp. 27-44.

Stavins, Joanna and Gautam Gowrisankaran.
"Are There Network Externalities in Electronic Payments?"
in Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on Bank Structure and Competition: Global Financial Crisis: Implications for Banking and Regulation, 1999, pp. 302-12.

Stavins, Joanna and Gautam Gowrisankaran.
"Network Externalities and Technology Adoption: Lessons from Electronic Payments,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Working Paper 99-5, 1999.

Weinberg, John A.
"The Organization of Private Payment Networks,"
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, 83, Spring 1997, pp. 25-43.

White, Lawrence J.
"Technological Change, Financial Innovation, and Financial Regulation: The Challenges for Public Policy,"
in Technology and Finance: Papers from the Discussion Series of the New-York Academy of Sciences, September 1996.

Whitesell, William C.
"Deposit Banks and the Market for Payment Media,"
Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 24, 1992, pp. 483-98.